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[单元测试] 2012小升初英语语法知识要点:动词不定式2

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发表于 2016-8-19 14:47:43 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  小升初英语也是小升初考试中非常重要的一科。我们应该如何复习才能够在小升初英语考试中取得好成绩呢?小升初英语学习必须靠着日积月累的知识,所以,从现在开始,我们就应该为小升初英语考试储备知识咯!
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发表于 2016-8-19 15:07:52 | 显示全部楼层

          动名词与不定式
          1) 动名词与不定式的区别:
          动名词表达的是: 状态,性质,心境,抽象,经常性,已发生的
          不定式表达的是: 目的,结果,原因,具体,一次性,将发生的
          2) 接不定式或动名词,意义相同。
          3) 动名词与不定式语义不同的有11 组:
          stop to do stop doing
          forget to do forget doing
          remember to do remember doing
          cease to do cease doing
          try to do try doing
          go on to do go on doing
          afraid to do afraid doing
          interested to do interested doing
          mean to do mean doing
          regret to do regret doing
          begin/start to do begin/start doing
          特殊词精讲
          stop doing/to do
          stop to do 停止,中断做某事后去做另一件事。
          stop doing 停止做某事。
          They stop to smoke a cigarette. 他们停下来,抽了根烟。
          I must stop smoking. 我必须戒烟了。
          典型例题
          She reached the top of the hill and stopped ___ on a big rock by the side of the path.
          A. to have rested B. resting  C. to rest D. rest
          答案:C。由题意可知,她到了山顶,停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此,应选择"stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事"。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止,所以stop doing sth。不正确。
          stop doing/to do
          forget doing/to do
          forget to do 忘记要去做某事。 (未做)
          forget doing 忘记做过某事。  (已做)
          The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯还在亮着,它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)
          He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。( 已做过关灯的动作)
          Don't forget to come tomorrow. 别忘了明天来。(to come动作未做)
          典型例题
          ---- The light in the office is still on。
          ---- Oh, I forgot___.
          A. turning it off  B. turn it off  C. to turn it off  D. having turned it off
          答案:C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着,即关灯的动作没有发生,因此用forget to do sth。
          而forget doing sth表示灯已经关上了,而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。
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发表于 2016-8-19 16:35:13 | 显示全部楼层

          try doing/to do
          try to do  努力,企图做某事。
          try doing  试验,试着做某事。
          You must try to be more careful. 你可要多加小心。
          I tried gardening but didn't succeed. 我试着种果木花卉,但未成功。
          go on doing/to do
          go on to do 做了一件事后,接着做另一件事。
          go on doing  继续做原来做的事。
          After he had finished his maths,he went on to do his physics. 做完数学后,他接着去做物理。
          Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one. 作完这个练习后,接着做其他的练习
          be afraid doing/to do
          be afraid to do 不敢,胆怯去做某事,是主观上的原因不去做,意为"怕";
          be afraid of doing 担心出现doing的状况、结果。 doing 是客观上造成的,意为"生怕,恐怕"。
          She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake. 她生怕被蛇咬着,而不敢在草丛中再走一步。
          She was afraid to wake her husband. 她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。
          She was afraid of waking her husband. 她生怕吵醒她丈夫。
          be interested doing/to do
          interested to do   对做某事感兴趣,想了解某事。
          interested in doing  对某种想法感兴趣,doing 通常为想法。
          I shall be interested to know what happens. 我很想知道发生了什么事。 (想了解)
          I'm interested in working in Switzerland. Do you have any idea about that? 我对在瑞士工作感兴趣。你想过这事吗?  (一种想法)
          mean to doing/to do
          mean to do  打算、想
          mean doing 意味着
          I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. 我想去,但是我父亲不肯让我去。
          To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. 赠加工资意味着增加购买力。
          begin(start) doing/to do
          begin / start to do sth
          begin / start doing sth。
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发表于 2016-8-19 18:11:41 | 显示全部楼层

          1) 谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时,使用doing。
          How old were you when you first started playing the piano? 你几岁时开始弹钢琴?
          2) begin, start用进行时时,后面动词用不定式to do
          I was beginning to get angry. 我开始生起气来。
          3) 在attempt, intend, begin, start 后接know, understand, realize这类动词时,常用不定式to do。
          I begin to understand the truth. 我开始明白真相。
          4) 物作主语时
          It began to melt。
          感官动词 + doing/to do
          感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do  表示动作的完整性,真实性;+doing 表示动作的连续性,进行性
          I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)
          I saw him working in the garden yesterday. (强调"我见他正干活"这个动作)昨天我见他正在花园里干活。
          典型例题
          1) They knew her very well. They had seen her ___ up from childhood.
          A. grow  B. grew  C. was growing  D. to grow
          答案:A. 因题意为,他们看着她长大,因此强调的是成长的过程,而非正在长的动作,因此用see sb do sth。的句型。
          2) The missing boy was last seen ___ near the river.
          A. playing  B. to be playing  C. play  D. to play
          答案:A. 本题强调其动作,正在河边玩,应此用see sb. doing sth句型。
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