小升初英语基础语法知识：形容词(二)

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　　1. 限定用法：形容词紧靠着〔代）名词，直接修饰该〔代）名词。
       
        　　(1) 前位修饰：
       
        　　(A) 字尾为en或表比较的形容词，大多只能作限定用法，放在名词的前面。
       
        　　a wooden leg; earthen ware; his elder sister; the upper room, etc.
       
        　　(B) 下列这些形容词只有限定用法，没有叙述用法。
       
        　　upper; former; latter; outer; inner; utmost; mere; only; utter; main; certain; very; live; spare;
       
        　　(C) 形容词前有so; no; too; how等字时，不定冠词应放在形容词之后。
       
        　　He could not do it in so short a time.
       
        　　He is no less remarkable a man than his elder brother (is).
       
        　　(2) 后位修饰：
       
        　　(A) 名词之后的数词＋名词＋old; long; high; wide; deep; etc.
       
        　　a man eighty-five years old; a river two hundred miles long;
       
        　　(B) 为加强语气或音调美，而将限定形容词放在后面。
       
        　　He had a face thin and worn, but eager and resolute.
       
        　　(C) something; anything; everyone; anybody... ＋ 形容词。
       
        　　I'll tell you something very important.
       
        　　That's nothing new.
       
        　　D) 由形容词子句省略主词和动词而不的过去（或现在）分词或形容词片语。
       
        　　I have answered all the letters (which were) received (by me).
       
        　　Alfred was a king anxious for his people's welfare.
       
        　　2. 叙述用法：形容词作补语，间接地修饰〔代）名词。
       
        　　He was awake all the night. 〔主词补语）
       
        　　The noise kept me awake. 〔受词补语）
       
        　　注：可作限定用法和叙述用法的形容词。
       
        　　I have many trustworthy friends. 和 All of my friends are trustworthy.
       
        　　It was a hot and sultry day. 和 The weather became hot and sultry.
       
        　　3. 作补语的形容词：
       
        　　(1) be＋形容词＋介系词：由此结合而成的片语，有些等于及物动词。
       
        　　I am fond of skiing. = I like skiing.
       
        　　He is afraid of it. = He fears it.
       
        　　注：其他如：be capable of; be concerned with; be (un)familiar with (to); be late for; be subject to; be worthy of; etc.
       
        　　(2) 某些已转化为形容词的过去分词，其后通常接at; about; with; in; of等介词。
       
        　　John is interested in English grammar.
       
        　　He was surprised at her behaviour.
       
        　　(3) be＋形容词＋介系词：可接〔代）名词，动名词，或名词子句，但名词子句若是that子句须省略介词，因that子句不可直接作介词的受词。
       
        　　She was not aware of the facts.
       
        　　She was not aware (of) how much her husband earned.
       
        　　She was not aware that there is danger.
       
        　　(4) It+ be ＋形容词＋that子句
       
        　　It is true that she never came.
       
        　　此类形容词有：certain; likely; obvious; plain; possible; true; etc.
       
        　　(A) that子句中的假设法。
       
        　　It is appropriate that he (should) get the post. （should可省略〕
       
        　　(B) 人称形容词亦可接其他连接词引导的子句。
       
        　　I'm not sure why he came.
       
        　　I'm not clear where she went.
       
        　　4. 有关worth; worth while; worthy的句型 如下:
       
        　　(A) 主词(含it) + be worth + (动)名词
       
        　　(B) It(虚主词) + be worth while + 不定词或动名词
       
        　　(C) 主词 + be worthy + of + (动)名词
       
        　　主词 + be worthy + 不定词
       
        　　his book is worth reading. (= It is worth while to read this book. = This book is worthy of reading. = This book is worthy to be read.)
       
        　　5. like和as: like只能作介词不能作连接词; as则两者都可。
       
        　　I hoped to succeed as you have (succeeded).
       
        　　I hoped to succeed like you.
       
        　　I hope to succeed *like you have. (like作连词是非正式的用法)