英语语法——ing分词的用法3
4) -ing分词作定语：①单个的分词作定语一般放在被修饰词的前面。如：
reading room 阅览室 swimming pool 游泳池 dining car 餐车
sleeping car 卧车 singing competition 歌咏比赛 waiting room 候车室
②-ing分词短语作定语应放在被修饰词的后面，也相当于一个定语从句。如：
Who is the comrade standing by the door? 站在门边的同志是谁？
They lived in a house facing south. 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。
③–ing分词还可以作非限制性定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，常用逗号和句子其它部分分开。如:
The words, usually dealing with current work, were mostly written by himself.
歌词一般讲当前的工作，大部分是他自己写的。
When she appeared, John, wearing a dirty and worn-out overcoat, ran to her with joy. 当她出现的时候，约翰穿着一件又脏又破的大衣高兴地跑了过去。
5) -ing分词做状语：
-ing分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
①-ing分词短语作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时可由连词when, while引出。如：
While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 他一边看书，一边不时地点头。
Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画，他想起了她的童年。
②-ing分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：
Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. 因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。
Many of us, being so excited, couldn’t go to sleep that night. 因为非常激动，那晚我们许多人都没睡着。
③–ing分词短语作结果状语。如：
His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。
She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.
她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了碎片。
④-ing分词作伴随状语，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中间，表示主语的另一个、较次要的动作。如：
They stood there for half an hour， watching the stars in the sky. 他们在那儿站了半小时，观察着天上的星星。
Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly.
年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起来。
⑤-ing分词间或也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于一个状语从句。如：
Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。
注：-ing分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语。
页:
[1]