2013年宁波小升初英语总复习之连词详解
2013年宁波小升初备战已经展开了，对于英语的一些基础知识大家了解了多少呢?下面是宁波奥数网小编整理的英语基础知识，希望对大家有所帮助。一、连词的概述
连词，是一种虚词，不能担任一个句子成分，但可以起连接的作用，即连接词与词或句与句。例如：
We may be leaving today or tomorrow. 我们可能今天或明天走。(连接词与词)
Now I must go or I shall be late for the party. 我现在得走，否则晚会我就要迟到了。(连接句与句)
主要是包括并列连词和从属连词。在句子中，连词起连接词与词、短语与短语及句子和句子的作用。它本身在句子里不单独做句子成分。
并列连词：是用来连接语法地位相同的结构、相同的单词、短语及句子。
并列连词有：and, but, or, nor, so, for yet, however, as well as, both...and, not only...but also, either...or, neither...nor, still,
从属连词：用来引导状语从句。
从属连词有：after, when, before, as, while, since, until, till, if, unless, lest, because, than, that, whether, so that, in order that, as if, as though, although, suppose that, provided, that, as...as, now that, such...that, in case that, on condition that
二、连词的种类
连词有两类：
1)从属连词：引导从句。随着从句作用不同，它们又可分为几类：
从句种类
主要从属连词
时间从句
when while as before after until till whenever
条件从句
if unless supposing provided(ing) suppose
目的从句
in order that so that that so lest
结果从句
so…that such…that so that so
原因从句
because as since
让步从句
although though even though(if) while
方式从句
as like the way as if as though
地点从句
where wherever
比较从句
than as
此外还有 that, whether 等从属连词可引导名词从句，在句中担任主语、宾语等。
2)并列连词：连接两个互不依从的次、短语或分句：
Slow but sure. 要慢而稳。(连接单词)
She’ll be back either this week or next week. 她将在这周或下周回来。(连接短语)
I went and she went also. 我去了，她也去了。(连接分句)
并列连词有下面几类：
表示意思转折的连词
but yet however nevertheless
表示因果关系的连词
for so therefore hence
其他并列连词
and or either…or neither…nor
not only…but also both…and as well as
三、从属连词
1. 引导时间状语从句的连词
这类连词主要有：
when:
Don’t get excited when you talk. 讲话时别激动。
When he got up he felt dizzy. 他站起身时感到头晕。
while:
We must strike while the iron is hot. 我们要趁热打铁。
While she ate she grew more restless. 她一边吃一边变得更加忐忑不安。
as:
As he spoke two men came up. 在他讲话时两个人走了进来。
He smiled as he passed. 他经过时笑了笑。
before:
Look before you leap. 三思而后行。
It will be five years before we meet again. 要五年后咱们才能再相见。
after:
I arrived after he had left. 在他走后我到了。
I’ll tell them after you have left. 你走后我在告诉他们。
until, till :
I’ll take no steps until you arrive. 你来之前我不会采取什么行动。
I propose waiting till the police get here. 我建议等警察来了再说。
since:
How long is it since you came to London? 你到伦敦有多久了?
It was years since I had seen her. 我有好多年没见到她了。
whenever:
I go and visit him whenever I’m in town. 我每次进城都去看他。
Whenever possible, they play outside. 一有机会他们就到外面玩耍。
2. 引导条件状语从句的连词
1)条件状语从句主要由if, unless, supposing(suppose)引导：
if:
I must leave if that’s the case. 如果情况如此我就得走了。
He will come if asked. 如果邀请的话他会来的。
unless:
I won’t write unless he writes first. 我不写信，除非他先给我写。
I’ll go there tomorrow unless it rains. 除非下雨，否则我明天去那里。
supposing:
Supposing that he asks you, will you go? 假定他请你去，你会去吗?
Supposing his plan goes wrong, what will you do then?
suppose:
Suppose she finds out, what shall we do then? 假如她发现了，我们怎么办?
Suppose you lost your job tomorrow, what would you do? 假定你明天失业，你怎么办?
provided:
I will agree to go provided(providing) (that) my expenses are paid.
如果有人给我掏路费我将同意去。
She agreed to go and work there provided that her family could go with her.
providing:
I’ll dry the dishes, providing that you do the washing-up. 如果你刷盘子，我就将它们擦干。
2)条件状语从句还有其他形式：
You will always have a home as long as I have anything.
只要我有家产，你就永远会有一个家。
They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed. 即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。
此外，as long as, so long as, in case, even if 都起连词作用。
3. 引导目的状语从句的连词
引导目的的状语从句的连词主要有下面这些：
in order that:
He left early in order that his children would not be alone in the house.
他早早动身，以免孩子们单独待在家里。
I lent him ￡50 in order(so )that he might go for a holiday.
我借给他50英镑，使他能去渡假。
so that:
Ask her to hurry up with the letters so that I can sign them.
让她快点把信打好，以便我能签字。
Please interpret this Chinese woman’s remarks so that I can understand them.
请翻译一下这位中国妇女的话以便我能听动。
so:
Can’t you fix it somehow so you could stay longer?
难道你不能作某种安排以便能多待些日子?
I’ll give him a map so he won’t get lost. 我会给他一张地图免得他迷路。
that:
She did it that he might go free. 她这样做以便他能获得自由。
I am anxious to get done that I may be back in Ireland.
我急于完成此事以便能返回爱尔兰。
lest:
He hurried on, lest she should meet him again. 他赶紧往前走，惟恐她再碰到他。
He hid the money lest it should be stolen. 他把钱藏起来惟恐别人偷去
4. 引导结果状语从句的连词
1)结果状语从句主要由so…that和such…that 引导：
so…that:
He was so young that you must excuse him. 他那样年轻，你得原谅他。
He was so fat that he couldn’t get though the door. 他胖得连门都过不去了。
such…that:
Jim made such a noise that his sister told him to be quiet.
吉姆吵成那样，他姐姐让他安静点。
He shut the window with such force that the glass broke.
他关窗时那样使劲，连玻璃都震碎了。
They had such a fierce dog that no one dared to go near their house.
他们的狗那样凶，谁也不敢走近他们家。
that 有时可以省略，特别是在口语中。
5. 引导原因状语从句的连词
1)引导原因状语从句的连词主要有because, as, since:
because:
Because it was wet he took a taxi. 由于下雨他叫了一辆出租车。
He was worried because he hadn’t had any letter from her.
他很担忧因为他没收到过她一封信。
as:
As David had a passion for walking, we started off on foot.
由于大卫喜欢走路，我们就步行出发了。
As you’re sorry, I’ll forgive you. 既然你悔悟了，我就原谅你。
2)还有一些表示原因的状语从句由seeing(that),considering(that)或now that等引导：
Please don’t try to back out now that everything has been arranged.
现在一切都安排好了，请不要打退堂鼓。
Now you’re here, you may make yourself useful. 你已经来了，不妨帮帮忙。
3)许多用在形容词后的that从句也起原因状语的作用(that 有时可省略)：
She was glad that she had controlled herself. 她很高兴控制住了自己。
I’m disappointed that they cannot come. 他们不能来我很失望。
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