小升初英语解析之动词
这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称，其中包括be动词、情态动词、助动词、行为动词（就是我们平时总说的那种动词）。动词、名词和形容词不太容易区分，如不能一眼看出，可用如下方法：
先用"一（量词）"（如：一个、一张等）和这个词连起来说，如说得通，一般认为是名词；说不通再用"很"去判断，就是把"很"和为个词连起来说，说得通一般就是形容词；都说不通就是动词。（目前我们学过的，以后可能不同）（另外一些很明显的，如人称代词、数词、情态动词等一下就可以知道）
1、be动词（ am, is, are, was, were ）
1）am-was, is -was, are--were 口诀：我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它，所有复数全用are。
2）肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not)
long. Her eyes are(not) small.
3）一般疑问句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you aren't. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren't.
Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn't.
4）be动词的否定形式：am not（没有缩写形式），are not = aren't ，is not = isn't 。
用恰当的be动词填空。
练一练：
1、用be动词的适当形式填空。
1）I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.
2）The girl______ Jack's sister.
3）The dog _______ tall and fat.
4）The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.
5）______ your brother in the classroom?
6）How _______ your father?
7）Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school.
8）Whose dress ______ this?
9）Whose socks ______ they?
10）Who ______ I?
11）The jeans ______ on the desk.
12）Here ______ a scarf for you.
13）Here ______ some sweaters for you.
14）The black gloves ______ for Su Yang.
15）This pair of gloves ______ for Yang Ling.
16）The two cups of milk _____ for me.
17）Some tea ______ in the glass.
18）Gao shan's shirt _______ over there.
19）My sister's name ______Nancy.
20）______ David and Helen from England?
21）There ______ a girl in the room.
22）There ______ some apples on the tree.
23）_______ there any apple juice in the bottle?
24）There _______ some bread on the plate.
25）You, he and I ______ from China.
26）There _______ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park.
2、助动词（ do, does, did ）
do, does用于一般现在时，其过去式did用于一般过去时。它们通常用在疑问句和否定句中。它们的否定形式：do not = don't, does not = doesn't, did not = didn't。
注意：在一般现在时中，does用于第三人称单数，其余一律用助动词do；助动词do, does, did后面一定要用动词原形。
练
1、用适当的助动词填空。
1) ______you like this magazine?
2) The girl______like bread for breakfast.
3) ---What ______ she ______ at the weekends? ---She usually plays games with her friends.
4) ---Wha______ you do last Sunday? ---I wrote to my friend.
5) ---Did you see a Beijing opera? ---No, I ______.
6) He ______not visit a farm last National Day holiday.
7) They______ not like playing volleyball.
8) --- ______Jim have a picnic with his family every Saturday? ---Yes, he .
9) ______Helen and Yang Ling go to school on foot every day?
10) ---How many kites ______we have? ---We have ten.
2、找出下列句子中的错误，将序号填入题前括号内，并改正。
( ) 1) Did you had a big lunch with your family last Spring Festival?
A B C
( ) 2) ---What do the boy have in his pencil-box? ---He has a rubber.
A B C
( ) 3) They doesn't like the film.
A B C
( ) 4) Do Jim get up at six everyday?
A B C
( ) 5) Don't giving the ball to Liu Tao.
A B C
3、情态动词
情态动词也是一类特殊的动词，平时我们不把它说成是动词。情态动词可以和行为动词同时出现在同一个句子中。
我们现在学过的情态动词有：can、could、shall、should、will、would、may、might 、must。
注意：情态动词后动词总是用原形。（不受其他任何条件影响）
其否定形式：can not = can't, must not = mustn't, … 注意：may not和shall not（无缩写形式）
练一练：
选择填空。
( ) 1) The sign on the wall means you______stay away from the building.
A. must B. can't C. shouldn't
( ) 2) How many books ______ you see on the desk? A. may B. can C. should
( ) 3) It means you______ make noise in the library.A. should B.. shouldn't C. can
( ) 4) --- ______you like a glass of milk? --- Yes, please.A. May B. Could C. Would
( ) 5) --- ______you see the sign over there? --- Sorry, I can't.A. CanB. Can'tC. Should
( ) 6)______ we go to the park by bus? A. May B. Must C. Shall
4、行为动词
就是我们平时上课时说的动词，表示某一动作或行为。如：sweep、live等。行为动词我们已学过它们的四种形式：原形、第三人称单数+s/es、现在分词（也叫动名词）+ing、过去式+ed。
（1）动词第三人称单数变化规则：
A、一般直接加"s"，如：play - plays, visit - visits, speak - speaks ；
B、以"s"，"x"，"sh"，"ch"结尾时，加"es"，如：catch - catches, watch - watches ；
C、以"辅音字母+y"结尾时，变"y"为"i"再加"es"，如：carry - carries, study - studies 。
（2）现在分词（动名词）构成规则：
A、一般直接加"ing"，如：go - going, do - doing, look - looking ；
B、以不发音的"e"结尾的单词，去"e" 加"ing"，如：take - taking, make - making, have - having ；
C、以重读闭音节结尾的词，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，需要双写这个字母再加"ing"，如：
put - putting, stop - stopping, run - running, get - getting, swim - swimming, sit - sitting, begin - beginning,
jog - jogging, forget - forgetting 。
（3）过去式构成规则：
A、一般直接加"ed"，如：plant - planted, visit - visited, pick - picked ；
B、以不发音字母"e"结尾，直接加"ed"，如：like - liked, hope - hoped, taste - tasted ；
C、以"辅音字母+y"结尾时，变"y"为"i"再加"ed"，如：try - tried, carry - carried, study - studied ；
D、有些动词要双写最后一个字母，再加"ed"，如：stop - stopped ；
E、还有很多动词的过去式是不规则的，请记忆：
是-am(be)-was-being； 是-are(be)-were-being； 是-be-was, were-being；
成为-become-became-becoming； 开始-begin-began-beginning； 弯曲-bend-bent-bending；
吹-blow-blew-blowing； 买-buy-bought-buying； 能-can-could-----；
捕捉-catch-caught-catching； 选择-choose-chose-choosing； 来-come-came-coming；
切-cut-cut-cutting；做-do, does-did-doing；画-draw-drew-drawing；饮-drink-drank-drinking；吃-eat-ate-eating；感觉-feel-felt-feeling；发现-find-found-finding；飞-fly-flew-flying；忘记-forget-forgot-forgetting；
得到-get-got-getting；给-give-gave-giving；走-go-went-going；成长-grow-grew-growing；
有-have, has-had-having；听-hear-heard-hearing；受伤-hurt-hurt-hurting；保持-keep-kept-keeping；
知道-know-knew-knowing；学习-learn-learned, learnt-learning；允许，让-let-let-letting；躺-lie-lay-lying；
制造-make-made-making；可以-may-might----；意味-mean-meant-meaning；会见 -meet-met-meeting；
必须-must-must----；放置-put-put-putting；读-read-read-reading；骑、乘-ride-rode-riding；
响、鸣-ring-rang-ringing；跑-run-ran-running；说-say-said-saying；看见-see-saw-seeing；将-shall-should----；唱歌-sing-sang-singing；坐下-sit-sat-sitting；睡觉-sleep-slept-sleeping；说-speak-spoke-speaking；
度过-spend-spent-spending 。
练一练：
1、写出下列动词的第三人称单数。
drink __________go ____________stay __________make __________look __________have _________
pass __________carry __________come ___________watch __________plant _________fly ________
study ________brush _________do ___________teach____________ take__________ see__________
2、写出下列动词的现在分词。
put __________give __________fly _________get________dance ________sit_________ run ________
plant _________take ___________swim _________ask ___________stop __________take _________
write __________have __________smoke _________ think__________ want__________ tell__________
3、写出下列动词的过去式。
is\am _________fly _______plant ________are ________drink _________play _______go ________
make ________does _________dance ________worry ___________ask ________taste _________
eat __________draw ________put ______throw ________kick _________pass _______do________
4、用动词的适当形式填空。
（1）I ______to school from Monday to Friday. My brother often _______to school with me. Yesterday we
_______to school together. We like ________to school very much. ( go )
（2）They usually _______lunch at home. But last week, they ____lunch at school. ( have )
（3）That______my English book. It _____new. But now it _____not here. It ______there a moment ago.( be )
（4）My sister likes ________very much. She often _______at our school festival. Last term, she _______a lot of
songs in the school hall. She _____beautifully. ( sing )
（5）What _____ he usually ______on Sunday?He usually ______his homework. Look!
He __________his homework now.______he _______his homework last Sunday?
Yes, he_______.( do )
（6）Do people usually_______ moon cakes at Mid-autumn Festival? Yes, they do. Did you _______moon cakes
last Mid-autumn Festival? Yes, I did. I _______a lot of delicious moon cakes. ( eat )
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