英语语法——不定式3
C不定式的各种结构
1．宾格词 + 不定式
1）普通结构 此结构中的宾格词为名词或代词的宾格，宾格词是谓语动词的宾语，同时又是不定式的逻辑主语，不定式和宾格词一起构成复合宾语。
I want Henry to come. She expects this to be true. I heard them sing yesterday.
2) “there to be + 宾格词”结构
此结构的宾格词仍是不定式的逻辑主语，只是它位于不定式to be 的后面。
I don’t want there to be any misunderstanding.
3) 各种形式的不定式都可以用于此种结构中。
The judge wanted the man to be punished.
He expected each of his students to be working hard for the coming exam.
2．主格词 + 不定式
当上一种结构变为被动语态时，就出现了此种结构，此结构中，不定式都要带to，主格词是不定式的逻辑主语，不定式在句中作主语补足语。
They are allowed to go. ← We allowed them to go.
He was seen to enter the store. ← I saw him enter the store.
3．for + 宾格词 + 不定式
此结构中，宾格词是不定式的逻辑主语，这种结构在句中可作：
1） 主语 It is difficult for us to learn a second foreign language.
2）宾语 I consider it necessary for her to learn French.
3）表语 The best thing is for us to make our own decision.
4）定语 There is a lot of work for us to do.
5）状语 He opened the door for the car to enter.
The book is too easy for them to read.
4．with/without + 宾格词 + 不定式
此结构在句中常作原因状语，宾格词是不定式的逻辑宾语。
With so much work to do, I shall not be able to watch the match with you.
Without anything to eat, he died of hunger.
5．疑问词 + 不定式 此结构相当于名词词组，在句中可作：
1） 主语 When to visit that farm has not been decided yet.
2） 宾语 We must know how to operate this machine.
3） 表语 The problem now is how to collect enough money.
4） 同位语 The problem what to do next is unknown.
注意 intend, plan, hope, expect, mean, promise, want, think, wish, were (was), would like, should like + 不定式完成式，可表过去没有实现的愿望，期待和计划。
He intended to have come. = He intended to come, but he didn’t.
She wished to have bought a car. = She wished to buy a car, but she didn’t.
I meant to have called on you, but I was too busy.
She hoped to have passed the exam. (but she didn’t)
I would like to have gone abroad. (but I didn’t)
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