英语语法——不定式6
F常见的含有动词不定式的句式主要有以下几种：
一.
It takes sb. some time （money）to do sth.
某人花费多少时间（金钱）做某事。例如：
1. It often takes me half an hour to watch TV every evening.
每天晚上我常常用半小时看电视。
2. It took me ten yuan to buy the book last week.
上周我花了10元买那本书。
3. How long will it take them to finish the work?
完成那项工作需要花费他们多少时间？
在使用该句式要注意的是：sb. 如果代词表示用宾格；take随时态改变；句中的时间用段时间，对此提问用how long。
例：It takes us more than two hours to do our homework every day.
It took us more than two hours to do our homework yesterday.
It will take us more than two hours to do our homework tomorrow.
How long did it take you to do your homework yesterday?
二. It’s time to do sth. 该做某事了，同义句为：
It’s time for sth. / doing sth. 例：
It’s time to go to school. 该上学了。
（It’s time for school.）
It’s time to get up. 该起床了。
（It’s time for getting up.）
此句可以扩展为：It’s time for sb. to do sth.
是某人做某事的时间了。
for sb. to do sth. 是动词不定式的复合结构。例：
It’s time for me to work.
到我工作的时间了。
It’s time for you to go to school.
到你们上学的时间了。
三. 主语＋be（not）+adj.+enough to do sth.
（某人、某物）足够（不能）做某事。例：
The boy is old enough to go to school.
这个孩子到了上学年龄。
I’m tall enough to reach the top of the tree.
我够高能够到树顶。
*1. 此句是肯定句时，可以用主＋be＋so＋adj.＋that的句型（即so…,that…表示的结果状语从句）来替换。
The boy is so old that he can go to school.
I’m so tall that I can reach the top of the tree.
2. 此句是否定句式时，既可以用so…that…引导的结果状语从句来替换，还可以用too…to…句式替换。例：
He is not old enough to go to work.
他太小不能去上班。
He is so young that he can’t go to work.
He is too young to go to work. 再如：
The box is not light enough for me to carry.
这个箱子太重我搬不动。
The box is too heavy for me to carry.
The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it.
四. sb. +be ready + to do sth. （某人乐意做某事）
He is always ready to help others.
（他总是乐于帮助别人）
I’m always ready to make new friends.
我总是乐于结交新朋友。
五. It’s +adj. + for / of sb. to do sth.
对某人来说做某事…例：
It’s dangerous for children to play football in the street.
对孩子来说在街上踢足球是很危险的。
It’s good for us to take more exercise.
对我们来说多运动是有益的。
It’s very kind of you to say so.
你这样说真是太好了。
It’s very kind of you to help me.
你真好，肯帮我。
该句式中，引导动词不定式的逻辑主语的介词用for还是of，主要取决于前面的形容词。如果形容词是描述动词不定式的行为者的性格、品质的。如：kind, good, nice, wrong, right, clever, careless, foolish等，应用of；如果形容词仅仅是描述事物，不是对动词不定式的行为者的品质进行评价的，就用for. 常见这类形容词有difficult, easy, hard, important, dangerous等。
It’s wrong of you to do it.
你做这件事是错的。
It’s hard for you to be a lawyer.
对你来说做律师很困难。
六. 主+would like / love to do sth. …喜欢（想做某事）
I’d like to go there with you.
我很想和你一起去那。
I’d love I like to help you study English.
我很愿意帮你学英语。
此句式还可以扩展为：
would like / love sb. to do sth.
“喜欢/想让某人做某事。”
I’d like you to stay here.
我想让你留在这。
I’d like them to help me.
我想让他们帮助我。
七. had better do sth. （…最好做…）
It’s very cold outside, you’d better put on your coat.
外面很冷，你最好穿上大衣。
We’d better go right now.
我们最好马上去。
…had better do 的否定式为…had better not do. （在better后加not即可）例：
You’d better not speak when your mouth is full of food.
满嘴食物时你最好别讲话。
八. Why don’t you +动词原形+…？（Why not＋动词原形…？）你为什么不…？
这本书有点难，为什么不读些容易的？
This book is a bit hard, why not read something easier?
It’s warm here, why don’t you take off your coat?
这很暖和，你为什么不脱掉外衣？
There is a seat, why not sit down?
还有座位，怎么不坐下？
九. Would / Will / Could you please ＋动词原形＋…？
请你…好吗？（用来请求对方为自己做某件事）
Would you please bring some water with you?
请你带点水来好吗？
Will you please help her with her maths?
请你帮她学数学好吗？
十. …prefer …to do sth. rather than do sth. …宁愿…也不愿…
I prefer to stay at home rather than go out.
我宁愿呆在家里，也不愿出去。
She prefers to be poor rather than get money in such a way.
她宁愿受穷也不愿以这种方式挣钱。
十一. It’s one’s turn to do sth.
该轮到谁做某事了。
one’s用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格来替换。例：
It’s my turn to be on duty.
该轮到我值日了。
It’s Li Ping’s turn to clean the blackboard.
该轮到李平擦黑板了。
It’s our turn to do the cleaning.
该轮到我们做扫除了。
It’s Danny’s turn to give a talk.
该轮到Danny做报告了。
十二. 主语＋be＋形容词＋to do sth. …做某事如何。例：
I’m sorry to hear that.
听到这事很难过。
I’m glad to see you again.
再次见到你我很高兴
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